Postgraduate

PGR Seminar by Constantine Theocharis + Yigit Yazicilar

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 21st March at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below are the Titles and Abstracts for Constantine and Yigit’s talks – Please do come along if you are able.

Constantine Theocharis

Title: Efficient Programs with Dependent Types

Abstract:

Dependent types allow us to program using the full power of set theory at our disposal. We can encode conditions of arbitrary complexity, and then show that these conditions are met by our programs, statically. While this paradigm is very effective for verifying systems, often their real-world implementations are done in languages without these verification capabilities, because they produce more efficient programs. In this talk, I will explore some of the main sources of inefficiency in (functional) languages with dependent types, and some work that aims to mitigate these, so that verification and implementation can happen in the same language. A common pattern in these languages is to have ‘refinements’ of data which carry along with them proofs of the properties we care about. The first piece of work is about how to make these refinements true zero-cost abstractions. Another source of inefficiency is that these languages must heap allocate almost everything since the sizes of types cannot always be known at compile time. The second piece of work is about how to keep track of type sizes as part of the type system, so that all heap allocations are explicit and unnecessary for the most part.

Yigit Yazicilar

Title: Automated Nogood-Filtered Fine-Grained Streamlining

Abstract:
We present an automated method to enhance constraint models through fine-grained streamlining, leveraging nogood information from learning solvers. This approach reformulates the streamlining process by filtering streamliners based on nogood data from the SAT solver CaDiCaL. Our method generates candidate streamliners from high-level Essence specifications, constructs a streamliner portfolio using Monte Carlo Tree Search, and applies these to unseen problem instances. The key innovation lies in utilising learnt clauses to guide streamliner filtering, effectively reformulating the original model to focus on areas of high search activity. We demonstrate our approach on the Covering Array Problem, achieving significant speedup compared to the state-of-the-art coarse-grained method. This work not only enhances solver efficiency but also provides new insights into automated model reformulation, with potential applications across a wide range of constraint satisfaction problems.

PGR Seminar with Mirza Hossain

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 14th March at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below are the Title and Abstract for Mirza’s talk – Please do come along if you are able.

Title: BioFuse: Optimizing Biomedical Embeddings with Foundation Models

Abstract: Pre-trained foundation models have revolutionized biomedical AI, excelling in specialized domains like radiology and histopathology. However, integrating multiple models remains a challenge due to compatibility and feature fusion issues. BioFuse is an open-source framework designed to optimize biomedical embeddings by automatically selecting and fusing the best model combinations. Leveraging 9 state-of-the-art foundation models and a grid search strategy, BioFuse generates task-specific embeddings that improve downstream classification. On the MedMNIST+ benchmark, it achieves SOTA AUC in 5/12 datasets while maintaining near-SOTA performance in others. Surprisingly, our experiments reveal strong cross-modal capabilities, where models trained on one modality perform well on others. With a high-level API and an extensible architecture, BioFuse streamlines model integration and paves the way for new insights in biomedical data fusion.

PhD student project showcase in CyberASAPY8 Demo Day

A group of PhD students: Yaxiong Lei and Zihang Zhang, in our school have been awarded a CyberASAP project. This is funded by the Department of Science, Innovation, and Technology (DSIT) and organised by InnovateUK. CyberASAP aims to fund innovative cybersecurity solutions from academics. Their project, LockEyeGaze, confronts the cybersecurity challenge of sophisticated computer vision and 3D modelling technologies such as deepfake and AI-generated tampering. They are leveraging the dynamic patterns of eye movements for security, which are significantly more difficult to replicate than static biometric features like static face, iris and fingerprints. Their project is selected to present at CyberASAP Year 8 Demo Day in Canary Wharf, London today.

Links:

https://web-eur.cvent.com/event/4a986031-294f-4ad0-9a9b-a4863690bd19/summary

https://iuk-business-connect.org.uk/events/cyberasap-year-8-demo-day/

PGR Seminar with Ben Claydon and Erdem Kus

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 28th February at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below are Titles and Abstracts for Ben and Erdem’s talks – Please do come along if you are able.

Ben Claydon

Title: Mechanisms for Similarity Search

Abstract:

Similarity search encompasses the task of finding those objects in a large collection which are most alike to, in some way, an object presented by the user as a query. The domain of these objects is wide, from images to text to chemical structures. This task becomes yet harder when the database becomes extremely large, and a sublinear query time with respect to the database size becomes a requirement. This talk discusses why the problem becomes so hard when presented with complex data, and how algorithms and data structures can be engineered to serve these queries.

Erdem Kus

Title: Frugal Algorithm Selection

Abstract: When solving decision and optimisation problems, many competing algorithms (model and solver choices) have complementary strengths. Typically, there is no single algorithm that works well for all instances of a problem. Automated algorithm selection has been shown to work very well for choosing a suitable algorithm for a given instance. However, the cost of training can be prohibitively large due to running candidate algorithms on a representative set of training instances. In this work, we explore reducing this cost by choosing a subset of the training instances on which to train. We approach this problem in three ways: using active learning to decide based on prediction uncertainty, augmenting the algorithm predictors with a timeout predictor, and collecting training data using a progressively increasing timeout. We evaluate combinations of these approaches on six datasets from ASLib and present the reduction in labelling cost achieved by each option.

PGR Seminar with Sharon Pisani

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 21st February at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below is a Title and Abstract for Sharon’s talk – Please do come along if you are able.

Title: Digital Cultural Landscapes for Sustainable Development in Remote and Island Communities

Abstract: Heritage plays a crucial role in community identity and sustainable development, yet remote and island communities often face challenges in engaging with and protecting their landscapes. This research explores how emergent digital technologies—such as 3D modelling, VR, and AR—can enhance heritage engagement and contribute to sustainable development. Using a practice-led methodology, case studies from Scotland and Malta demonstrate how digital cultural landscapes can support climate action, institutional capacity-building, and sustainable communities. A sustainable virtual museum framework is being developed, linking heritage to real-world environmental and socio-economic challenges. This presentation highlights the findings from these case studies, and the next steps in developing an immersive digital environment for an underwater heritage site.

PGR Seminar with Sachin Yadav and Junyu Zhang

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 14th February at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below is a title and Abstract for Sachin and Junyu’s talks – Please do come along if you are able.

Sachin Yadav

Title: Reimagining the Digital Gig Economy: Evaluating the economic feasibility and technological capabilities of physical cooperative gig platform

Abstract: The gig economy, fuelled by digital platforms, has transformed the labour markets around the world, offering flexibility but often at the cost of security for the worker and fair compensation. This presentation explores platform cooperatives – a democratically owned and governed alternative – as a potential solution to these challenges. I will delve into the economic feasibility and technological capabilities of physical delivery cooperatives, comparing them to traditional investor-owned platforms. By examining key performance metrics, regulatory environments, and worker empowerment, my ongoing work will assess whether platform cooperatives can achieve a comparable level of service while fostering more equitable working conditions. This presentation aims to spark discussion on the future of the gig economy and the role cooperative models can play in creating a more sustainable digital labour landscape.

Junyu Zhang

Title: Engaging Culture Heritage with Authentic Characters to Support Inclusive Learning

Abstract: Digitalization opens up new opportunities for cultural heritage, and lately the exploration of virtual reality has created new forms of representation of cultural content for educational institutions, museum exhibitions, and heritage preservation organizations. High-fidelity technology allows virtual agents to simulate realistic human appearances and behaviour to interact and engage with their surroundings. This speech presents work-in-progress research regarding designing, creating and utilising authentic characters to strengthen the exhibition of cultural heritage. Through the discussion on research design and practice, this research examines the capability of characters to enrich immersion and communication with heritage. This presentation introduces the realism and authenticity of character design, clarifies the goals for digitalization for inclusive learning opportunities in SDG, and ends with future work.

PGR Seminar with Mustafa Abdelwahed and Maria Andrei

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 6th December at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below is a title and Abstract for Mustafa and Maria’s talks – Please do come along if you are able.

Mustafa Abdelwahed:

Title: Behaviour Planning: A toolbox for diverse planning

Abstract:

Diverse planning approaches are utilised in real-world applications like risk management, automated streamed data analysis, and malware detection. These approaches aim to create diverse plans through a two-phase process. The first phase generates plans, while the second selects a subset of plans based on a diversity model. A diversity model is a function that quantifies the diversity of a given set of plans based on a provided distance function.

Unfortunately, existing diverse planning approaches do not account for those models when generating plans and struggle to explain why any two plans are different.

Existing diverse planning approaches do not account for those models when generating plans, hence struggle to explain why any two plans are different, and are limited to classical planning.

To address such limitations, we introduce Behaviour Planning, a novel toolbox that creates diverse plans based on customisable diversity models and can explain why two plans are different concerning such models.

Maria Andrei: 

Title: Leveraging Immersive Technology to Enhance Climate Communication, Education & Action

Abstract: Climate change represents one of the most pressing challenges of our time, not only in its environmental impacts, but also as a pivotal science communication problem. Despite widespread scientific consensus on the causes and mitigation strategies for climate change, public understanding remains deeply fragmented and polarized. This disconnect hinders the collective action required from individuals, organizations, and policymakers to combat global warming effectively. My research explores the potential of immersive technologies to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and public understanding by leveraging experiential learning experiences to inspire the attitudinal and behavioural shifts necessary to address climate change.

PGR Seminar with Zhongliang Guo

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below is a title and Abstract for Zhongliang’s talk– Please do come along if you are able.

Title: Adversarial Attack as a Defense: Preventing Unauthorized AI Generation in Computer Vision

Abstract: Adversarial attack is a technique that generate adversarial examples by adding imperceptible perturbations to clean images. These adversarial perturbations, though invisible to human eyes, can cause neural networks to produce incorrect outputs, making adversarial examples a significant security concern in deep learning. While previous research has primarily focused on designing powerful attacks to expose neural network vulnerabilities or using them as baselines for robustness evaluation, our work takes a novel perspective by leveraging adversarial examples to counter malicious uses of machine learning. In this seminar, I will present two of our recent works in this direction. First, I will introduce the Locally Adaptive Adversarial Color Attack (LAACA), which enables artists to protect their artwork from unauthorized neural style transfer by embedding imperceptible perturbations that significantly degrade the quality of style transfer results. Second, I will discuss our Posterior Collapse Attack (PCA), a grey-box attack method that disrupts unauthorized image editing based on Stable Diffusion by exploiting the common VAE structure in latent diffusion models. Our research demonstrates how adversarial examples, traditionally viewed as a security threat, can be repurposed as a proactive defense mechanism against the misuse of generative AI, contributing to the responsible development and deployment of these powerful technologies.