PGR Seminar by Constantine Theocharis + Yigit Yazicilar

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 21st March at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below are the Titles and Abstracts for Constantine and Yigit’s talks – Please do come along if you are able.

Constantine Theocharis

Title: Efficient Programs with Dependent Types

Abstract:

Dependent types allow us to program using the full power of set theory at our disposal. We can encode conditions of arbitrary complexity, and then show that these conditions are met by our programs, statically. While this paradigm is very effective for verifying systems, often their real-world implementations are done in languages without these verification capabilities, because they produce more efficient programs. In this talk, I will explore some of the main sources of inefficiency in (functional) languages with dependent types, and some work that aims to mitigate these, so that verification and implementation can happen in the same language. A common pattern in these languages is to have ‘refinements’ of data which carry along with them proofs of the properties we care about. The first piece of work is about how to make these refinements true zero-cost abstractions. Another source of inefficiency is that these languages must heap allocate almost everything since the sizes of types cannot always be known at compile time. The second piece of work is about how to keep track of type sizes as part of the type system, so that all heap allocations are explicit and unnecessary for the most part.

Yigit Yazicilar

Title: Automated Nogood-Filtered Fine-Grained Streamlining

Abstract:
We present an automated method to enhance constraint models through fine-grained streamlining, leveraging nogood information from learning solvers. This approach reformulates the streamlining process by filtering streamliners based on nogood data from the SAT solver CaDiCaL. Our method generates candidate streamliners from high-level Essence specifications, constructs a streamliner portfolio using Monte Carlo Tree Search, and applies these to unseen problem instances. The key innovation lies in utilising learnt clauses to guide streamliner filtering, effectively reformulating the original model to focus on areas of high search activity. We demonstrate our approach on the Covering Array Problem, achieving significant speedup compared to the state-of-the-art coarse-grained method. This work not only enhances solver efficiency but also provides new insights into automated model reformulation, with potential applications across a wide range of constraint satisfaction problems.

PGR Seminar with Mirza Hossain

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 14th March at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below are the Title and Abstract for Mirza’s talk – Please do come along if you are able.

Title: BioFuse: Optimizing Biomedical Embeddings with Foundation Models

Abstract: Pre-trained foundation models have revolutionized biomedical AI, excelling in specialized domains like radiology and histopathology. However, integrating multiple models remains a challenge due to compatibility and feature fusion issues. BioFuse is an open-source framework designed to optimize biomedical embeddings by automatically selecting and fusing the best model combinations. Leveraging 9 state-of-the-art foundation models and a grid search strategy, BioFuse generates task-specific embeddings that improve downstream classification. On the MedMNIST+ benchmark, it achieves SOTA AUC in 5/12 datasets while maintaining near-SOTA performance in others. Surprisingly, our experiments reveal strong cross-modal capabilities, where models trained on one modality perform well on others. With a high-level API and an extensible architecture, BioFuse streamlines model integration and paves the way for new insights in biomedical data fusion.

PhD student project showcase in CyberASAPY8 Demo Day

A group of PhD students: Yaxiong Lei and Zihang Zhang, in our school have been awarded a CyberASAP project. This is funded by the Department of Science, Innovation, and Technology (DSIT) and organised by InnovateUK. CyberASAP aims to fund innovative cybersecurity solutions from academics. Their project, LockEyeGaze, confronts the cybersecurity challenge of sophisticated computer vision and 3D modelling technologies such as deepfake and AI-generated tampering. They are leveraging the dynamic patterns of eye movements for security, which are significantly more difficult to replicate than static biometric features like static face, iris and fingerprints. Their project is selected to present at CyberASAP Year 8 Demo Day in Canary Wharf, London today.

Links:

https://web-eur.cvent.com/event/4a986031-294f-4ad0-9a9b-a4863690bd19/summary

https://iuk-business-connect.org.uk/events/cyberasap-year-8-demo-day/

PGR Seminar with Ben Claydon and Erdem Kus

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 28th February at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below are Titles and Abstracts for Ben and Erdem’s talks – Please do come along if you are able.

Ben Claydon

Title: Mechanisms for Similarity Search

Abstract:

Similarity search encompasses the task of finding those objects in a large collection which are most alike to, in some way, an object presented by the user as a query. The domain of these objects is wide, from images to text to chemical structures. This task becomes yet harder when the database becomes extremely large, and a sublinear query time with respect to the database size becomes a requirement. This talk discusses why the problem becomes so hard when presented with complex data, and how algorithms and data structures can be engineered to serve these queries.

Erdem Kus

Title: Frugal Algorithm Selection

Abstract: When solving decision and optimisation problems, many competing algorithms (model and solver choices) have complementary strengths. Typically, there is no single algorithm that works well for all instances of a problem. Automated algorithm selection has been shown to work very well for choosing a suitable algorithm for a given instance. However, the cost of training can be prohibitively large due to running candidate algorithms on a representative set of training instances. In this work, we explore reducing this cost by choosing a subset of the training instances on which to train. We approach this problem in three ways: using active learning to decide based on prediction uncertainty, augmenting the algorithm predictors with a timeout predictor, and collecting training data using a progressively increasing timeout. We evaluate combinations of these approaches on six datasets from ASLib and present the reduction in labelling cost achieved by each option.

PGR Seminar with Sharon Pisani

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 21st February at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below is a Title and Abstract for Sharon’s talk – Please do come along if you are able.

Title: Digital Cultural Landscapes for Sustainable Development in Remote and Island Communities

Abstract: Heritage plays a crucial role in community identity and sustainable development, yet remote and island communities often face challenges in engaging with and protecting their landscapes. This research explores how emergent digital technologies—such as 3D modelling, VR, and AR—can enhance heritage engagement and contribute to sustainable development. Using a practice-led methodology, case studies from Scotland and Malta demonstrate how digital cultural landscapes can support climate action, institutional capacity-building, and sustainable communities. A sustainable virtual museum framework is being developed, linking heritage to real-world environmental and socio-economic challenges. This presentation highlights the findings from these case studies, and the next steps in developing an immersive digital environment for an underwater heritage site.

PGR Seminar with Sachin Yadav and Junyu Zhang

The next PGR seminar is taking place this Friday 14th February at 2PM in JC 1.33a

Below is a title and Abstract for Sachin and Junyu’s talks – Please do come along if you are able.

Sachin Yadav

Title: Reimagining the Digital Gig Economy: Evaluating the economic feasibility and technological capabilities of physical cooperative gig platform

Abstract: The gig economy, fuelled by digital platforms, has transformed the labour markets around the world, offering flexibility but often at the cost of security for the worker and fair compensation. This presentation explores platform cooperatives – a democratically owned and governed alternative – as a potential solution to these challenges. I will delve into the economic feasibility and technological capabilities of physical delivery cooperatives, comparing them to traditional investor-owned platforms. By examining key performance metrics, regulatory environments, and worker empowerment, my ongoing work will assess whether platform cooperatives can achieve a comparable level of service while fostering more equitable working conditions. This presentation aims to spark discussion on the future of the gig economy and the role cooperative models can play in creating a more sustainable digital labour landscape.

Junyu Zhang

Title: Engaging Culture Heritage with Authentic Characters to Support Inclusive Learning

Abstract: Digitalization opens up new opportunities for cultural heritage, and lately the exploration of virtual reality has created new forms of representation of cultural content for educational institutions, museum exhibitions, and heritage preservation organizations. High-fidelity technology allows virtual agents to simulate realistic human appearances and behaviour to interact and engage with their surroundings. This speech presents work-in-progress research regarding designing, creating and utilising authentic characters to strengthen the exhibition of cultural heritage. Through the discussion on research design and practice, this research examines the capability of characters to enrich immersion and communication with heritage. This presentation introduces the realism and authenticity of character design, clarifies the goals for digitalization for inclusive learning opportunities in SDG, and ends with future work.

PhD Viva Success: Thomas Hansen

On behalf of the School, we would like to congratulate Thomas Hansen supervised by Dr Edwin Brady who has successfully defended his thesis.

Thanks to Dr Adam Barwell who was internal examiner and Dr Jeremy Yallop from University of Cambridge as external examiner.

Many congratulations to Thomas! 🎉

 

Professor Stephen Linton Retirement

Colleagues from the University, past and present, gathered to say a fond farewell to Professor Stephen Linton who is retiring from the School at the end of 2024. Steve was a valuable and respected member of staff for 31 years and also a former Head of School and Director of CIRCA.

Steve was fundamental in building our collaboration with colleagues in the School of Mathematics and Statistics, serving as Director of the Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Computational Algebra (CIRCA) for many years. CIRCA has been the platform for nearly 25 years of fruitful collaboration between the two Schools, producing an internationally recognised body of work spanning both research papers and software. Steve played a central role in building and sustaining the Centre, supporting it with a substantial EPSRC Platform Grant in 2010.

As Head of School, Steve was always generous in helping those around him progress, even allowing staff to study for a law degree during research leave!

Below are some tributes from colleagues/friends:-

Professor Ian Gent: “Steve is one of those programmers who is 10 times better than other people who are themselves really good programmers.  The story of one of the coffee area’s Go boards illustrates this.   The school hosted an afternoon programming competition open to teams of 3.   Steve entered by himself having been assured that his favourite programming language GAP was available.  When that turned out to be wrong he just used C instead.  And then very comfortably won the programming competition solving more problems than any of the groups of three.  A Head of School, he didn’t want to benefit personally from the prize so bought the school a Go board.
Nobody will argue with the statement that the smartest person in the school is retiring.  When I used to research with him, people often asked me how I coped with working with somebody so ridiculously clever. My reply was “because I’m working WITH him” the advantage being that you weren’t competing!   A classic example of this was when we had a paper rejected because reviewers didn’t think the work was novel despite depending on amazing algorithms Steve had coded up.  In making sure the revision emphasised the novelty, Steve said “But any one of two dozen people could have done it” and I said “Yes and if any one of them had done, it would have been novel!”   The revised paper got accepted and has just hit 100 citations on Google Scholar.”

Professor Tom Kelsey: “Steve, Ian Gent and I – had a research meeting with Colva Roney-Dougal at which we agreed that there were two distinct coding tasks, one for Steve, the other for Ian and me, both quite challenging. Ian and I started work on the whiteboard outside Steve’s office, planning how we might go about writing and evaluating our code. After 25 minutes detailed discussion, we’d made good progress and had the kernel of a plan that would give us plenty of work for the rest of the week. Steve came out of his office having finished his task in one short attempt – the resulting paper used this code without revision. Ian and I felt like a pair of numbskulls.

On a more personal note, I was Steve’s first PhD student. During my studies one of my daughters became quite unwell, and dealing with her complex treatments and the other four children didn’t leave much time for my Doctoral studies. Steve was incredibly supportive, dealing with the School and University in such a way that all I had to worry about was my daughter’s wellbeing. When I returned I was still very much focussed on family issues, but Steve guided me expertly and kindly through the rest of my studies. For which I am eternally grateful.”

Professor Graham Kirby: “Steve is compassionate and understanding. I was a newish DoT at a time when my wife was seriously ill, and I was responsible for writing the school’s institutional teaching review document. As HoS, Steve found ways to alleviate the real or perceived pressure on me, enabling me to focus on family.”

Professor Chris Jefferson: “Steve also contributed to many major research projects, in particular GAP. GAP is a mathematics system, which has been actively developed since 1988.  While GAP is maintained by academics from around the world, St Andrews computing and mathematics, led by Steve, took over the leadership of GAP from RWTH Aachen in 1997, and lead GAP until 2022. In that time, many students and academics at St Andrews have been involved with GAP.”

Professor Karen Petrie (University of Dundee and University of St Andrews graduate 2000): “Steve has had a very lasting impression on me from my UG days when he was my tutor. I first met him in 1st year in C programming tutorials. I remember having my first ever memory leak in those days and Steve making all the hours which I spent fixing it better when he told me ‘now you are a computer sciemtist’. He also taught me the difference between P and NP, I remember being amazed to learn that P vs NP was an open problem, the very idea of open problems was new to me and incredibly exciting but challenging. He was also extremely compassionate I remember in my 4th year I had tonsillitis and Steve asked me why I was in University and sent me home to bed. He told me he did not want to see me until I could speak again! One of the amazing things about Steve is his practical coding ability and his theoretical ability as a student he felt like the rock star of CS, that impression of him has never changed. This means a kind word from him means a lot as we all want to emanate him. As an example as a PhD student we were working on a joint research paper as research does, it was not going well, so we were debugging code together. It had been a long trying day. Steve made it all better by telling me ‘you now debug code as well as I do’. Now, I am a professor myself and I try to do the same for my students as Steve did for me: to challenge them when appropriate, to be compassionate when that is what they need but most importantly always to treat them as an equal. I feel incredibly fortunate to be able to call Steve not just a mentor, nor a collaborator but a friend.”

All at CS would like to wish Steve a long and happy retirement 🎉

Alex Bain (School Manager), Professor Steve Linton, Professor Ian Miguel (Head of School) 

Professor Ian Miguel (HoS) and Professor Ron Morrison (former HoS) 

Dr Tristan Henderson, Professor Steve Linton